Early years
Bolt was born on 21 August 1986 in
Sherwood Content,
[13] a small town in
Trelawny, Jamaica, and grew up with his parents, Wellesley and Jennifer Bolt, his brother Sadeeki,
[14] and his sister Sherine.
[2][15] His parents ran the local grocery store in the rural area, and Bolt spent his time playing
cricket and
football in the street with his brother,
[16] later saying, "When I was young, I didn’t really think about anything other than sports".
[17]
As a child, he attended Waldensia Primary and All-age School, and it was here that he first began to show his sprinting potential, running in the annual national primary-schools' meeting for his parish.
[12] By the age of twelve, Bolt had become the school's fastest runner over the
100 metres distance.
[18]
Upon his entry to
William Knibb Memorial High School, Bolt continued to focus on other sports, but his cricket coach noticed Bolt's speed on the pitch and urged him to try
track and fieldevents.
[19] Pablo McNeil, a former Olympic sprint athlete,
[20] and Dwayne Barrett coached Bolt, encouraging him to focus his energy on improving his athletic abilities. The school had a history of success in
athletics with past students, including sprinter
Michael Green.
[12] Bolt won his first annual
high school championships medal in 2001, taking the silver medal in the
200 metreswith a time of 22.04 seconds.
[12] McNeil soon became his primary coach, and the two enjoyed a positive partnership, although McNeil was occasionally frustrated by Bolt's lack of dedication to his training and his predisposition to practical jokes.
[20]
Early competitions
Performing for Jamaica in his first Caribbean regional event, Bolt clocked a personal best of 48.28 s in the
400 metres in the 2001
CARIFTA Games, winning a silver medal. The 200 m also yielded a silver as Bolt finished in 21.81 s.
[21]
He made his first appearance on the world stage at the
2001 IAAF World Youth Championshipsin
Debrecen, Hungary. Running in the 200 m event, he failed to qualify for the finals, but he still set a new personal best of 21.73 s.
[22] Bolt still did not take athletics or himself too seriously, however, and he took his mischievousness to new heights by hiding in the back of a van when he was supposed to be preparing for the 200 m finals at the CARIFTA Trials. He was detained by the police for his practical joke, and there was an outcry from the local community, which blamed coach McNeil for the incident.
[20] However, the controversy subsided, and both McNeil and Bolt went to the CARIFTA Games, where Bolt set championship records in the 200 m and 400 m with times of 21.12 s and 47.33 s, respectively.
[21] He continued to set records with 20.61 s and 47.12 s finishes at the
Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships.
[23]
Rise to prominence
The
2002 World Junior Championships before a home crowd in Kingston, Jamaica, gave Bolt a chance to prove his credentials on the world stage. By the age of 15, he had grown to 1.96 metres (6 ft 5 in) tall, and he physically stood out amongst his peers.
[12] He won the 200 m, in a time of 20.61 s,
[24] 0.03 seconds slower than his personal best of 20.58 s set in the 1st round.
[25] Bolt's 200 m win made him the youngest world-junior gold medalist ever.
[26] The expectation from the home crowd had made him so nervous that he had put his shoes on the wrong feet. However, it turned out to be a revelatory experience for Bolt as he vowed never again to let himself be affected by pre-race nerves.
[27] As a member of the Jamaican
sprint relay team, he also took two silver medals and set national junior records in the
4×100 metres and
4×400 metres relay, running times of 39.15 s and 3:04.06 minutes respectively.
[28][29]
The flow of medals continued as he won four gold medals at the
2003 CARIFTA Games, and was awarded the
Austin Sealy Trophy for the most outstanding athlete of the games.
[30][31][32] He won another gold at the
2003 World Youth Championships. He set a new championship record in the 200 m with a time of 20.40 s, despite a 1.1
m/s head wind.
[33] Michael Johnson, the 200 m world-record holder, took note of Bolt's potential but worried that the young sprinter might be over-pressured, stating, "It's all about what he does three, four, five years down the line".
[34] Bolt had also impressed the athletics hierarchy, and he received the
IAAF Rising Star Award for 2002.
[35]
Bolt turned his main focus to the 200 m and equalled
Roy Martin's
world junior record of 20.13 s at the Pan-American Junior Championships.
[12][36] This performance attracted interest from the press, and his times in the 200 m and 400 m led to him being touted as a possible successor to Johnson. Indeed, at sixteen years old, Bolt had reached times that Johnson did not register until he was twenty, and Bolt's 200 m time was superior to
Maurice Greene's season's best that year.
[34]
In his final Jamaican High School Championships in 2003, he broke both the 200 m and 400 m records with times of 20.25 s and 45.30 s, respectively. Bolt's runs were a significant improvement upon the previous records, beating the 200 m best by more than half a second and the 400 m record by almost a second.
[12]
Bolt was growing more popular in his homeland. Howard Hamilton, who was given the task of Public Defender by the government, urged the JAAA to nurture him and prevent
burnout, calling Bolt "the most phenomenal sprinter ever produced by this island".
[34] His popularity and the attractions of the capital city were beginning to be a burden to the young sprinter. Bolt was increasingly unfocused on his athletic career and preferred to eat fast food, play basketball, and party in Kingston's club scene. In the absence of a disciplined lifestyle, he became ever-more reliant on his natural ability to beat his competitors on the track.
[37]
As the reigning 200 m champion at both the World Youth and World Junior championships, Bolt hoped to take a clean sweep of the world 200 m championships in the
Senior World Championships in Paris.
[12] Bolt beat all comers at the 200 m in the World Championship trials, but he was pragmatic about his chances and noted that, even if he did not make the final, he would consider setting a personal best a success.
[34][38] However, he suffered a bout of
conjunctivitis before the event, and it ruined his training schedule.
[12] Realising he would not be in peak condition, the JAAA refused to let him participate in the finals on the grounds that he was too young and inexperienced. Bolt was dismayed at missing out on the opportunity, but focused on getting himself in shape to gain a place on the Jamaican Olympic team instead.
[38] Even though he missed the World Championships, Bolt was awarded the IAAF Rising Star Award for the 2003 season on the strength of his junior record-equalling run.
[35]
Professional athletics career
Early Professional Career (2004 – 2007)
Under the guidance of new coach
Fitz Coleman, Bolt turned professional in 2004, beginning with the
CARIFTA Games in
Bermuda.
[12] He became the first junior sprinter to run the 200 m in under twenty seconds, taking the world junior record outright with a time of 19.93 s.
[12][26]For the second time in the role, he was awarded the
Austin Sealy Trophy for the most outstanding athlete of the
2004 CARIFTA Games.
[39][30][31] A hamstring injury in May ruined Bolt's chances of competing in the
2004 World Junior Championships, but he was still chosen for the Jamaican Olympic squad.
[40] Bolt headed to the
2004 Athens Olympics with confidence and a new record on his side. However, he was hampered by a leg injury and was eliminated in the
first round of the 200 metres with a disappointing time of 21.05 s.
[1][41]American colleges offered Bolt track
scholarships on the strength of his performances, but the teenager from
Trelawny refused them all, stating that he was content to stay in his homeland of Jamaica.
[15] Bolt instead chose the surroundings of the
University of Technology, Jamaica, as his professional training ground, staying with the university's primitive track and weight room that had served him well in his amateur years.
[42]
Bolt at the Crystal Palace Meeting in 2007
The year 2005 signalled a fresh start for Bolt in the form of a new coach,
Glen Mills, and a new attitude to athletics. Mills recognised Bolt's potential and aimed to cease the sprinter's unprofessional approach to the sport.
[41] Bolt began training with Mills in preparation for the upcoming athletics season, partnering with more-seasoned sprinters such as
Kim Collins and
Dwain Chambers.
[43] The year began well, and in July he knocked more than a third of a second off the 200 m CAC Championship record with a run of 20.03 s,
[44] then registered his 200 m season's best at London's
Crystal Palace, running in 19.99 s.
[1]Misfortune awaited Bolt at the next major event, the
2005 World Championships in
Helsinki. Bolt felt that both his work ethic and athleticism had much improved since the 2004 Olympics, and he saw the World Championships as a way to live up to expectations, stating, "I really want to make up for what happened in Athens. Hopefully, everything will fall into place".
[45] Bolt qualified with runs under 21 s, but he suffered an injury in the final, finishing in last place with a time of 26.27 s.
[41][46] Injuries were preventing him from completing a full professional athletics season, and the eighteen-year-old Bolt still had not proven his mettle in the major world-athletics competitions.
[47] Bolt was involved in a car accident in November, and although he suffered only minor facial lacerations, his training schedule was further upset.
[48][49] His manager, Norman Peart, made Bolt's training less intensive, and he had fully recuperated the following week.
[48] Bolt had continued to improve his performances, and he reached the world top-5 rankings in 2005 and 2006.
[12] Peart and Mills stated their intentions to push Bolt to do longer sprinting distances with the aim of making the 400 m event his primary event by 2007 or 2008. Bolt was less enthusiastic, and demanded that he feel comfortable in his sprinting.
[48][50] He suffered another hamstring injury in March 2006, forcing him to withdraw from the
2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, and he did not return to track events until May.
[51] After his recovery, Bolt was given new training exercises to improve flexibility, and the plans to move him up to the 400 m event were put on hold.
[47]
Upon his return to competition, the 200 m remained his primary event, and he beat
Justin Gatlin's meet record in
Ostrava, Czech Republic. Bolt had aspired to run under twenty seconds to claim a season's best but, despite the fact that bad weather had impaired his run, he was happy to end the meeting with just the victory.
[52] However, a sub-20-second finish was soon his, as he set a new personal best of 19.88 s at the 2006
Athletissima Grand Prix in
Lausanne, Switzerland, finishing behind
Xavier Carter and
Tyson Gay to earn a bronze medal.
[53] Bolt had focused his athletics aims, stating that 2006 was a year to gain experience. Also, he was more keen on competing over longer distances, setting his sights on running regularly in both 200 m and 400 m events within the next two years.
[52] Bolt claimed his first major world medal two months later at the
IAAF World Athletics Final in
Stuttgart, Germany. He passed the finishing post with a time of 20.10 s, gaining a bronze medal in the process.
[1] The
IAAF World Cup in Athens, Greece, yielded Bolt's first senior international silver medal.
[1]Wallace Spearmon from the United States won gold with a championship record time of 19.87 s, beating Bolt's respectable time of 19.96 s.
[54] Further 200 m honours on both the regional and international stages awaited Bolt in 2007. The young Jamaican yearned to run in the
100 metres, but coach Mills diverted his attention, stating that he could run the shorter distance if he broke the 200 m national record.
[41]In the Jamaican Championships, he ran 19.75 s in the 200 m, breaking the 36-year-old Jamaican record held by
Don Quarrie by 0.11 s.
[12][15]
Mills complied with Bolt's demand to run in the 100 m, and he was entered to run the event at the 23rd Vardinoyiannia meeting in
Rethymno,
Crete. In his debut tournament run, he set a personal best of 10.03 s, winning the gold medal and feeding his enthusiasm for the event.
[15][55]
Bolt (second from left) behind Gay in the closing stages of the 200 m race
Bolt (left) on the podium with his silver medal from the 200 m race in
Osaka (2007)
The Jamaican national record fell when Bolt partnered with
Asafa Powell,
Marvin Anderson, and
Nesta Carter in the 4×100 metres relay. However, their finish in 37.89 s was not enough to beat the Americans' time of 37.78 s.
[57] Bolt did not win any gold medals at the major tournaments in 2007, but Mills felt that Bolt's technique was much improved, pinpointing improvements in Bolt's balance at the turns over 200 m and an increase in his stride frequency, giving him more driving power on the track.
[41]
World-record breaker
The silver medals from the 2007 Osaka World Championships boosted Bolt's desire to run, and he took a more serious, more mature stance towards his career.
[19] Bolt continued to develop in the 100 m, and he entered to run in the event at the Jamaica Invitational in
Kingston. On 3 May 2008, Bolt ran a time of 9.76 s, aided by a
tail wind of 1.8
m/s, considerably improving upon his previous personal best of 10.03 s.
[58] This was the second-fastest legal performance in the history of the event; second only to compatriot
Asafa Powell's 9.74 s record set the previous year in
Rieti, Italy.
[59] Rival Tyson Gay lauded the performance, praising Bolt's form and technique especially.
[60] Michael Johnson, who was observing the race, said that he was shocked at how quickly he had improved over the 100 m distance.
[61] The Jamaican surprised even himself with the time, but coach Glen Mills remained confident that there was more to come.
[60]
Mills' prediction came true before the end of the month when Bolt established a new 100 m world record on 31 May 2008. Pushed on by a tail wind of 1.7 m/s, Bolt ran 9.72 s at the
Reebok Grand Prix held in the
Icahn Stadium in New York City, breaking Powell's record.
[62] The record time was even more remarkable in light of the fact that it was only his fifth senior run over the distance.
[63] Gay again finished second and commended Bolt's physical superiority, stating, "It looked like his knees were going past my face".
[15]Commentators noted that Bolt appeared to have gained a psychological advantage over fellow Olympic contender Gay.
[41]
In June 2008, Bolt responded to claims that he was a lazy athlete, saying that the comments were unjustified, and he trained hard to achieve his potential. However, he surmised that such comments stemmed from his lack of enthusiasm for the
400 metres event, and chose to not make the effort to train for distance running.
[64] Turning his efforts to the 200 m, Bolt proved that he could excel in multiple events—first setting the world-leading time in
Ostrava, then breaking the national record for the second time with a 19.67 s finish in
Athens, Greece.
[65][66] Although Mills still preferred that Bolt focus on the longer distances, the acceptance of Bolt's demand to run in the 100 m worked for both sprinter and trainer. Bolt was more focused in practice, and a training schedule to boost his top speed and his stamina, in preparation for the Olympics, had improved both his 100 m and 200 m times.
[15][67][68] His confidence was building, and he was sure that he would perform well in the upcoming Olympics.
[65]
2008 Summer Olympics
Bolt announced that he would double-up with the
100 metres and
200 metres events at the
Beijing Summer Olympics, and the new 100 m world-record holder was the favourite to win both.
[69][70] Michael Johnson, the 200 m and 400 m record holder, personally backed the sprinter, saying that he did not believe that a lack of experience would work against him.
[71] Bolt qualified for the 100 m final with times of 9.92 s and 9.85 s in the quarter-finals and semifinals, respectively.
[72][73][74]
Bolt held a considerable lead over his rivals in the closing stages of the 100 m final.
In the Olympic 100 m final, Bolt broke new ground, winning in 9.69 s (unofficially 9.683 s) with a reaction time of 0.165 s.
[75] This was an improvement upon his own world record, and he was well ahead of second-place finisher
Richard Thompson, who finished in 9.89 s.
[76] Not only was the record set without a favourable wind (+0.0 m/s), but he also visibly slowed down to celebrate before he finished and his shoelace was untied.
[77][78][79] Bolt's coach reported that, based upon the speed of Bolt's opening 60 m, he could have finished with a time of 9.52 s.
[80] After scientific analysis of Bolt's run by the Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics at the
University of Oslo, Hans Eriksen and his colleagues also predicted a sub 9.60 s time. Considering factors such as Bolt's position, acceleration and velocity in comparison with second-place-finisher Thompson, the team estimated that Bolt could have finished in 9.55±0.04 s had he not slowed to celebrate before the finishing line.
[81][82]
Bolt stated that setting a record was not a priority for him, and that his goal was just to win the gold medal, Jamaica's first of the 2008 Games.
[83] Olympic medalist
Kriss Akabusi construed Bolt's chest slapping before the finish line as showboating, noting that the actions cost Bolt an even faster record time.
[84] IOC president
Jacques Rogge also condemned the Jamaican's actions as disrespectful.
[85][86] Bolt denied that this was the purpose of his celebration by saying, "I wasn't bragging. When I saw I wasn't covered, I was just happy".
[87] Lamine Diack, president of the
IAAF, supported Bolt and said that his celebration was appropriate given the circumstances of his victory. Jamaican government minister Edmund Bartlett also defended Bolt's actions, stating, "We have to see it in the glory of their moment and give it to them. We have to allow the personality of youth to express itself".
[88]
Bolt leads the field in the closing stages of the 200 m final
Bolt then focused on attaining a gold medal in the 200 m event, aiming to emulate
Carl Lewis' double win in the
1984 Los Angeles Olympics.
[89] Michael Johnson felt that Bolt would easily win gold but believed that his own world record of 19.32 s set at the
1996 Summer Olympics in
Atlanta would remain intact at the Olympics.
[90] Bolt eased through the first and second rounds of the 200 m, jogging towards the end of his run both times.
[91] He won his semifinal and progressed to the final as the favourite to win.
[92] Retired Jamaican sprinter
Don Quarrie praised Bolt, saying he was confident that Johnson's record could be beaten.
[35] The following day, at the final, he won Jamaica's fourth gold of the Games, setting a new world and Olympic record of 19.30 s.
[93]Johnson's record fell despite the fact that Bolt was impeded by a 0.9 m/s headwind. The feat made him the first sprinter since Quarrie to hold both 100 m and 200 m world records simultaneously and the first since the introduction of electronic timing.
[93][94] Furthermore, Bolt became the first sprinter to break both records at the same Olympics.
[95] Unlike in the 100 m final, Bolt sprinted hard all the way to the finishing line in the 200 m race, even dipping his chest to improve his time.
[96] Following the race, "
Happy Birthday" was played over the stadium's sound system as his 22nd birthday would begin at midnight.
[96]
Two days later, Bolt ran as the
third leg in the Jamaican
4x100 metres relay team, increasing his gold medal total to three.
[97] Along with teammates
Nesta Carter,
Michael Frater, and
Asafa Powell, Bolt broke another world and Olympic record, their 37.10 s finish breaking the previous record by three tenths of a second.
[98] Powell, who anchored the team to the finishing line, lamented the loss of his 100 m record to Bolt but showed no animosity towards his Jamaican rival, stating that he was delighted to help him set his third world record.
[99] Following his victories, Bolt donated US$50,000 to the children of the
Sichuan province of China to help those harmed by the
2008 Sichuan earthquake.
[100]
Bolt's record-setting runs caused commentators not only to praise his achievements but also to speculate about his potential to become one of the most successful sprinters ever.
[17][101] Critics hailed his Olympic success as a new beginning for a sport that had long suffered through high-profile drug scandals.
[63][102][dead link] The previous six years had seen the
BALCO scandal,
Tim Montgomery and
Justin Gatlin stripped of their 100 m world records, and
Marion Jones returning three Olympic gold medals.
[103] All three sprinters were disqualified from athletics after drugs tests detected banned substances in their systems.
[104][105] Bolt's record-breaking performances caused suspicion among some commentators, including
Victor Conte, and the lack of an independent Caribbean anti-doping federation raised more concerns.
[106][107] The accusations of drug use were vehemently rejected by Glen Mills (Bolt's coach) and Herb Elliott (the Jamaican athletics team doctor). Elliott, a member of the
IAAF anti-doping commission, urged those concerned about the issue to "come down and see our programme, come down and see our testing, we have nothing to hide".
[108] Mills had been equally ardent that Bolt was a clean athlete, declaring to the
Jamaica Gleaner: "We will test any time, any day, any part of the body...[he] doesn't even like to take vitamins".
[109] Bolt stated that he had been tested four times prior to the Olympics, and all had tested negative for banned substances. He also welcomed anti-doping authorities to test him to prove that he was clean, stating, "We work hard and we perform well and we know we're clean".
[110]
| “ | I was slowing down long before the finish and wasn't tired at all. I could have gone back to the start and done it all over again. | ” |
—Usain Bolt's thoughts on his 100m sprint at the 2008 Olympics, published in his autobiography Usain Bolt 9.58[111]
|
After the Olympics
The end of the 2008 athletics season saw Bolt compete in the
ÅF Golden League, beginning in
Weltklasse Zürich. Despite having the slowest start among his competitors in the 100 m race, he still crossed the finishing line in 9.83 s.
[112] Even though the time was slower than both his newly set world record and Asafa Powell's track record, it was still among the top-fifteen 100 m finishes by any sprinter to that date.
[77] Bolt admitted that he was not running at full strength, suffering from a cold, but he had concentrated on both winning the race and finishing the season in good health.
[112] At the
Super Grand Prix final in
Lausanne, Bolt ran his second-fastest 200 m with a time of 19.63 s, equalling
Xavier Carter's track record.
[113] However, it was the 100 m final, featuring Asafa Powell, that drew the most interest. Powell had moved closer to Bolt's world record after setting a new personal best of 9.72 s, reaffirming his status as Bolt's main contender.
[114] Bolt's final event of the season came three days later at the Golden League final in
Brussels. This was the first 100 m race featuring both Bolt and Powell since the final in the Olympics. Both Jamaicans broke the track record, but Bolt came out on top with a time of 9.77 s, beating Powell by 0.06 s. Victory, however, did not come as smoothly as it had in Beijing. Bolt made the slowest start of the nine competitors and had to recover ground in cold conditions and against a 0.9 m/s headwind.
[115] Yet the results confirmed Jamaican dominance in the 100 m, with nine of the ten-fastest legal times in history being recorded by either Bolt or Powell.
[77] On his return to Jamaica, Bolt was honoured in a homecoming celebration and received an
Order of Distinction in recognition of his achievements at the Olympics.
[116]
He was selected as the IAAF Male Athlete of the year and won a Special Olympic Award for his performances.
[117] However, Bolt turned his attention to future events, suggesting that he could aim to break the 400 metres world record in 2010 as no major championships were scheduled that year.
[118]
2009 Berlin World Championships
Bolt (centre) in the starting blocks before his 150 metres world best run of 14.35 seconds
Bolt started the season competing over 400 metres in order to improve his speed, winning two races and registering 45.54 s in Kingston,
[119] and windy conditions gave him his first sub-10 second finish of the season in the 100 m in March.
[120] In late April Bolt suffered minor leg injuries in a car crash. However, he quickly recovered following minor surgery and (after cancelling a track meet in Jamaica) he stated that he was fit to compete in the
150 metres street race at the
Manchester Great City Games.
[121] Bolt won the race in 14.35 s, the fastest time ever recorded for 150 m.
[122] Despite not being at full fitness, he took the 100 and 200 m titles at the Jamaican national championships, with runs of 9.86 s and 20.25 s respectively.
[123][124] This meant he had qualified for both events at the
2009 World Championships. Rival Tyson Gay suggested that Bolt's 100 m record was within his grasp, but Bolt dismissed the claim and instead noted that he was more interested in Asafa Powell's return from injury.
[125] Bolt defied unfavourable conditions at the
Athletissima meet in July, running 19.59 seconds into a 0.9 m/s headwind and rain, to record the fourth fastest time ever over 200 m,
[126] one hundredth off Gay's best time.
[127]
Bolt (left) during the 200 metres quarter-finals at the 2009 World Championships
At the 2009 World Championships in August, Bolt eased through the 100 m heats, clocking the fastest ever pre-final performance of 9.89 seconds.
[128] The final was the first time Bolt and Gay had met in the season, and Bolt improved his world record with a time of 9.58 s to win his first World Championship gold medal. Gay finished with a time of 9.71 s, 0.02 s off Bolt's 9.69 s world-record run in Beijing.
[129] Taking over a tenth of a second off the previous best mark, this was the largest ever margin of improvement in the 100 m world record since the beginning of electronic timing.
[130]
Although Gay withdrew from the second race of the competition, the Jamaican once again produced world record-breaking form in the
200 metres final. He broke his own record by 0.11 seconds, finishing with a time of 19.19 seconds.
[131] He won the 200 m race by the biggest margin in
World Championships history, even though the race had three other athletes running under 19.90 seconds, the greatest number ever in the event.
[132][133] Bolt's pace impressed even the more experienced of his competitors; third-placed
Wallace Spearmon complimented his speed,
[134] and former Olympic champion
Shawn Crawford said "Just coming out there...I felt like I was in a video game, that guy was moving – fast".
[135] Bolt pointed out that an important factor in his performance at the World Championships was his improved start to the races: his reaction times in the 100 m (0.146)
[136] and 200 m (0.133)
[137] were significantly faster than those he had produced in his world record runs at the Beijing Olympics.
[138][139] However, he, together with other members of Jamaican 4x100 m relay team, fell short of their own world record of 37.10 s set at
2008 Summer Olympics by timing 37.31 s, which is, however, a championship record and the second fastest time in history at that date.
[140]
Bolt beating all opposition and setting a 100 m world record
On the last day of the Berlin Championships, the
governing Mayor of Berlin,
Klaus Wowereit, presented Bolt with a 12-foot high section of the
Berlin Wall in a small ceremony, saying Bolt had shown that "one can tear down walls that had been considered as insurmountable." The nearly three-ton segment will be delivered to Bolt's training camp in Jamaica.
[141]
Several days after Bolt broke the world records in 100 and 200 metres events,
Mike Powell, the world record holder in
long jump (8.95 metres set in 1991) argued that Bolt could become the first man to jump over 9 metres, the long jump event being "a perfect fit for his speed and height".
[142]At the end of the season he was selected as the IAAF World Athlete of the Year for the second year running.
[143]
2010: Diamond League and broken streak
Early on in the 2010 outdoor season, Bolt ran 19.56 seconds in the 200 m in Kingston, Jamaica for the fourth-fastest run of all-time, although he stated that he had no record breaking ambitions for the forthcoming season.
[144] He took to the international circuit May with wins in
East Asia at the
Colorful Daegu Pre-Championships Meeting and then a comfortable win in his
2010 IAAF Diamond League debut at the
Shanghai Golden Grand Prix.
[145][146] Bolt made an attempt to break Michael Johnson's best time over the rarely competed 300 metres event at the
Golden Spike meeting in Ostrava. He failed to match Johnson's ten-year-old record of 30.85 and suffered a setback in that his 30.97-second run in wet weather had left him with an
Achilles tendon problem.
[147][148]
On his return from injury a month later, he asserted himself with a 100 m win at the Athletissima meeting in Lausanne (9.82 seconds) and a victory over Asafa Powell at
Meeting Areva in Paris (9.84 seconds).
[149][150] Despite this run of form, he suffered only the second loss of his career in a 100 m final at the
DN Galan. Tyson Gay soundly defeated him with a run of 9.84 to Bolt's 9.97 seconds, and the Jamaican reflected that he had slacked off in training early in the season while Gay had been better prepared and in a better condition.
[151] This marked Bolt's first loss to Gay over 100 m, which coincidentally occurred in the same stadium where Powell had beaten Bolt for the first time two years earlier.
[152]
2011 Daegu World Championships
Considered the overwhelming favourite to win in the
100 metres at the
2011 World Championships in
Daegu, Bolt was eliminated from the final for a
false start.
[153] Usain Bolt's countryman,
Yohan Blake won in a season best of 9.92 seconds. In the 200m, Bolt cruised through to the final which he won in a time of 19.40s,
[154] the fastest time in history never to be a World Record. Bolt also won gold in 4x100 metres relay with team Jamaica setting a world record time of 37.04.
Personal life
Bolt striking his signature "To Di World"
[155] pose
In 2010, he also revealed his fondness of music, when he played a
reggae DJ set to a crowd in Paris.
[167]
Sponsorships and Advertising Work
Book Deal
In 2010, Bolt signed a lucrative publishing deal with
HarperCollins for an autobiography, which was negotiated by
Chris Nathaniel of NVA Management.
[178] This is scheduled for release in 2012. During a press conference in Paris on 15 July 2010, Bolt declined any comment on what would be contained within the book saying, "you can't really give away anything in your book ... should be exciting, it's my life, and I'm a cool and exciting guy".
[163]
Recognition
Statistics
As of 28 August 2010
Personal bests
| Event | Time (seconds) | Venue | Date | Records | Notes |
|---|
| 100 metres | 9.58 | Berlin, Germany | 16 August 2009 |   | Also shares the second fastest time of 9.69 with Tyson Gay. Bolt's 9.69 set the Olympic record in 2008. |
| 150 metres | 14.35 | Manchester, United Kingdom | 17 May 2009 | World best[5] | He ran the last 100 m in 8.70, the fastest ever recorded time over a 100 m distance. This would equal an average speed of 41.38 km/h. |
| 200 metres | 19.19 | Berlin, Germany | 20 August 2009 | | Also holds the Olympic Record with 19.30, at the time (2008) a new world record. |
| 300 metres | 30.97 | Ostrava, Czech Republic | 27 May 2010 | | This is the second fastest time, behind Michael Johnson's 30.85. |
| 400 metres | 45.28[12] | Kingston, Jamaica | 5 May 2007 | | |
| 4 × 100 metres relay | 37.04 | Daegu, South Korea | 4 September 2011 | | Shared with Yohan Blake, Michael Frater and Nesta Carter. |
Records
The progression of Bolt's 200 m seasons' best times
[181]
The progression of Bolt's 100 m seasons' best times
[181]
Bolt's personal best of 9.58 seconds in the 100 metres is the fastest ever
legal time.
[77] Bolt also holds the second fastest time of 9.69 seconds (more precisely 9.683),
[75] the current Olympic record.
[77] Tyson Gay recorded a time of 9.68 s at the 2008 US Olympic Trials, but was aided with a tail wind of 4.1
m/s, exceeding the legal limit of 2.0 m/s set by the
IAAF and nullifying its inclusion as a world record.
[182] Obadele Thompson's run of 9.69 s in 1996 is also not recognised as it was aided by a 5.0
m/stail wind.
[77]
Bolt's personal best of 19.19 s in the 200 metres is the world record. This was recorded at the
2009 World Championships in Athletics in Berlin against a headwind of −0.3 m/s. He has also broken the Olympic record with a time of 19.30 s (more precisely 19.296 s)
[183]
The Jamaican relay team including Bolt, set the 4x100 metres world and Olympic records at the 2008 Olympics with a time of 37.10 seconds. This is the only run in the IAAF top ten performances which was not set by an American team.
[184]
Bolt also holds the 200 metres world teenage best results for the age categories 15 (20.58 s), 16 (20.13 s, world youth record), 17 (19.93 s) and 18 (19.93 s, world junior record).
[75] He also holds the 150 metres world best set in 2009, during which he ran the last 100 metres in 8.70 seconds, the quickest timed 100 metres ever.
[75]
Average speed
From his record time of 9.58 s for the 100 m sprint Usain Bolt's average ground speed equates to: 37.58 km/h or 23.35 mph. However, once his reaction time of 0.15 s is subtracted, his time is closer to 9.43 s, making his average speed closer to 38.18 km/h or 23.72 mph.
[185]
Honours
| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
|---|
| 2002 | World Junior Championships | Kingston, Jamaica | 1st | 200 m | 20.61 |
| 2nd | 4×100 m relay | 39.15 NJR |
| 2nd | 4×400 m relay | 3:04.06 NJR |
| 2003 | World Youth Championships | Sherbrooke, Canada | 1st | 200 m | 20.40 |
| 2003 | Pan American Junior Championships | Bridgetown, Barbados | 1st | 200 m | 20.13WYB |
| 2nd | 4×100 m relay | 39.40 |
| 2004 | CARIFTA Games | Hamilton, Bermuda | 1st | 200 m | 19.93WJR |
| 2005 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Nassau, Bahamas | 1st | 200 m | 20.03 |
| 2006 | World Athletics Final | Stuttgart, Germany | 3rd | 200 m | 20.10 |
| 2006 | IAAF World Cup | Athens, Greece | 2nd | 200 m | 19.96 |
| 2007 | World Championships | Osaka, Japan | 2nd | 200 metres | 19.91 |
| 2008 | Reebok Grand Prix | New York City, United States | 1st | 100 m | 9.72 WR |
| 2008 | Olympic Games | Beijing, China | 1st | 100 metres | 9.69 WROR |
| 1st | 200 metres | 19.30 WROR |
| 1st | 4×100 metres relay | 37.10 WROR |
| 2009 | World Championships | Berlin, Germany | 1st | 100 metres | 9.58 WR |
| 1st | 200 metres | 19.19 WR |
| 1st | 4×100 metres relay | 37.31 CR |
| 2011 | World Championships | Daegu, South Korea |
| 1st | 200 metres | 19.40 WL |
| 1st | 4×100 metres relay | 37.04 WR |
See also
India Against Corruption campaign in Whitefield, Bangalore.
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